INTEGRAL WORLD: EXPLORING THEORIES OF EVERYTHING
An independent forum for a critical discussion of the integral philosophy of Ken Wilber
Publication dates of essays (month/year) can be found under "Essays".
The Human Growth
Continuum
à Tables illustrating the growth continuum page 23 à Resources for study page 40 à Glossary of terms page 43 à Credits page 47 à Biographical background page 48
SPECIAL NOTE For maximum benefit, any Table with an up-arrow should
be read from bottom to top –
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Table 1: STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT – Life PassagesThis Table traces human development in the external Realm of Life Passages. Life Passages are the external phases of accomplishment or achievement that occur as we progress through the biologic life cycle. The human life cycle can be divided into ten Stages (colored rows), plus two more for before-birth and after-death. Between each two Stages is a Transition (italicized grey rows). Life Passages is the only Table that uses as a benchmark (vertical axis) the actual Stages of biological development – rather than the psycho-spiritual Stages of the FDS (see Table 2).
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For the internal Passages of Psyche, Body, and Spirit, the entire series of alternating Stages and Transitions is called the Fundamental Developmental Sequence (FDS). Derived from the Tables of Ken Wilber,[1] the FDS consists of 38 distinct steps. These steps can be consolidated into 12 developmental Clusters, – consisting of 12 Stages, separated by 11 Transitions. Step numbers are shown in the left-hand column; Stages and States are indicated by bands of color comprising several rows; Transition rows are italicized in grey. Within those 12 Clusters, the seven central Stages are known in Eastern philosophy as the Chakras. From a Western perspective, the Chakras are a consolidation, condensation, or simplification of the FDS into seven basic Stages. From an Eastern perspective, the Chakras are energy phenomena that manifest themselves simultaneously in the three internal Realms of Body, Psyche, and Spirit. The simplified Chakras are shown in the right-hand column (with Wilber’s version in Column 3), using the colors traditionally assigned to each level.
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Psyche Passages are the internal phases of mental Maturation that occur as we progress through the Stages of psychological Development. In the simplified schema below, Psyche Passages progress through seven Chakra-related Stages of Maturity (left column), occur within several psychological Arenas (other columns), and focus on particular psychological Issues at each Stage (cells of each column). For a more comprehensive treatment, see Arrays, Tables 4A-I.
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Body Passages are the internal phases of physical Enlivenment that occur as we activate and connect the Energy Centers of our body. In the simplified schema below, Body Passages progress through seven Chakra-related Stages of Functioning (left column), occur within several physical Arenas (other columns), and focus on particular bodily Issues at each Stage (cells of each column).[5] For a more comprehensive treatment, see Arrays, Tables 5.
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Spirit Passages are the internal phases of spiritual Enlightenment that occur as we ascend through the Stages and States of spiritual Development. In the simplified schema below, Spirit Passages manifest themselves through seven Chakra-related Stages of spiritual Enlightenment (left column), occur within several spiritual Arenas (other columns), and focus on particular spiritual Issues at each Stage (cells of each column). For a more comprehensive treatment, see Arrays, Tables 6A-D.
[TABLE UNDER DEVELOPMENT]
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From a Western perspective, the Chakras are a consolidation, condensation, or simplification of the FDS into seven basic Stages. From an Eastern perspective, the Chakras are energy phenomena that manifest themselves simultaneously in all three internal Realms of Body, Psyche, and Spirit. In the simplified schema below, the Chakras are shown in the left-hand column, with examples from the three internal Realms in the next three columns. The colors are those traditionally assigned to each Chakra.
[TABLE UNDER DEVELOPMENT]
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Arenas are the spheres of action, the types of experience, the themes of development, or the aspects of personal evolution within each Realm in which growth takes place. Life Passages are the external phases of accomplishment or achievement that occur as we progress through the biologic life cycle. The Realm of Life Passages includes the ten different Arenas shown below.
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At each Stage of life, and within each Arena, we grow by encountering certain key Issues. These challenging Issues must be addressed and resolved to transition successfully to the next Stage. In the Arena of Relationships and Marriage, we build intimate relationships that are happy, stable, and mutually supportive -- and seek to find the right life partner. In this Arena the following Issues may assume major importance.
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The Persona (or Role) is our ‘public face’ -- the set of attributes and behaviors we construct to enable the Self to play a part in the drama of existence. The Enneagram is a particular system for categorizing (‘typing’) Personae. An Enneagram Role (‘Enneagram Type’) is the fundamental cluster of attributes by which the Self manifests its public character. According to Enneagram theory, every person exhibits one of nine dominant Roles. Each Role is endowed with Traits that can become fixated, or can evolve as the person grows.
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Culture Passages are the internal (cultural) and external (societal) phases of development that occur as mass populations progress through the Stages of cultural growth. In the simplified schema below, Culture Passages progress through seven Chakra-related Stages of Development (column 1) -- following a growth path similar to individuals, but spread over eons of time (column 2). The Spiral Dynamics[11] model (column 4) is perhaps the most popular and influential contemporary system of Culture Passages. In any present-day culture, vestiges of all previous cultural Stages are still to be found (column 5). For a more comprehensive treatment, see Arrays, Table 6A-D.
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A Generation is the biological period of life, normally about 20-25 years, between the time one is born and the time one first procreates. The Generational Cycle is a series of four characteristic Generations – Prophetic, Reactive, Civic, Bureaucratic – which dynamic cultures repeatedly pass through. The Table below outlines the five Generational Cycles that have occurred in America since it was first colonized. For each Generation, the range of possible birth dates is shown, along with prominent members who were born during that period.
Appendix B:
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GLOSSARY OF TERMS
This Table displays all the key terms and concepts pertaining to the Growth Continuum. Each term is defined and its first appearance in the text noted. The closest equivalent in Ken Wilber’s AQAL system is indicated in column 4. Further information on the nature and degree of correspondence (or divergence) is footnoted in the main text. In the main text, these terms are Capitalized; the first appearance of each term is bolded.
Term |
Definition |
First |
Wilber equivalent (closest) |
Arenas |
The spheres of action, the realms of experience, the themes of development, or the aspects of personal evolution within each Realm in which growth takes place |
10 |
Lines |
Body Passages |
The internal phases of physical Enlivenment that occur as we awaken and connect the Energy Centers of our body |
9 |
|
Bonding |
Our connection to others. Our identification with a particular Stage |
16 |
|
Bureaucratic generation |
The Generation that institutionalizes and standardizes what once was the Prophetic Vision. Phase 4 of the Generational Cycle. |
14 |
|
Chakras |
Energy phenomena that manifest themselves simultaneously in all three internal Realms of Body, Psyche, and Spirit |
9 |
Same |
Civic generation |
The Generation that fills out and implements the vision of the Prophetic Generation. Phase 3 of the Generational Cycle. |
14 |
|
Collective |
Group Participants in the growth process |
11 |
|
Collective Participants |
Every human group from two-person relationships, to families, to workgroups, to communities, to cultures |
13 |
|
Contributing Roles |
Supporting Enneagram Role |
12 |
|
Coordination |
Combining all Dimensions of growth into balanced, harmonious whole |
18 |
|
Culture Passages |
Follow a Stage-related growth path similar to individuals, but spread over vast eons of time |
13 |
|
Differentiation |
The Self transcends a particular Stage by dis-identifying with it |
7 |
Same |
Dimensions |
The eight facets or types of growth in the Growth Continuum |
5 |
|
Directions |
Internal growth in psyche, body, and spirit takes place in two opposite Directions – ascending and descending |
15 |
Evolution and involution |
Disattachment |
Failing to establish a solid bond or commitment to a new Stage – thereby remaining alienated, fragmented, rootless, homeless, in limbo. Opposite of Re-identification. |
16 |
Same |
Dissociation |
Avoiding, denying, repressing, or disowning the Observed Self. Opposite of Integration. |
16 |
Same |
Dominant Role |
Primary Enneagram Role |
12 |
|
Enneagram |
A system for categorizing (‘typing’) Personae |
12 |
|
Enneagram Role |
The fundamental cluster of attributes by which the Self manifests its public character |
12 |
Enneagram type |
Experienced Self |
I-Self. The observing, subjective, inside Self. Identifies with our current Stage of development |
11 |
Proximate Self, self-sense |
Fixation |
Clinging to an old Stage, failing to Differentiate – remaining fixated, fused, embedded, arrested. Opposite of Differentiation. |
16 |
Same |
Fundamental Developmental Sequence |
The entire series of alternating Stages and Transitions |
7 |
Correlative structure |
Generation |
A biological period of life, normally about 20-25 years, between the time one is born and the time one first procreates. |
14 |
|
Generational cycle |
A series of four Generations that occurs repeatedly in the growth of dynamic Cultures |
14 |
|
Generational growth |
A form of Collective Growth that occurs from one Generation to the next, and from one Generational Cycle to the next |
14 |
|
Gremlins |
Pernicious or malevolent Sub-personalities spawned when the Self fails to dis-identify with a past stage. Also called inner saboteurs or shadow-selves. |
13 |
|
Growth continuum |
A field of growth consisting of eight interwoven Dimensions |
5 |
|
Identification |
The Self identifies with a particular Stage of development |
7 |
Same |
Immediate Self |
Experienced and Observed Selves together |
11 |
Overall Self |
Impediments |
Problems -- all the ways the growth process can go wrong |
16 |
Pathologies |
Individual |
Single Participant in the growth process |
11 |
|
Integration |
The Self consolidates the new identification -- integrating the new Experienced Self with the old Observed Self |
7 |
Same |
Inter-passage growth |
The trajectory the Self passes through -- from internal, to external, and back to internal |
12 |
U-shaped pattern of development, Pre-/Trans- Fallacy |
I-Self |
See Experienced Self |
11 |
Same |
Life Passages |
The external phases of accomplishment or Achievement that occur as we progress through the Life Cycle |
8 |
Horizontal translation |
Me-Self |
See Observed Self |
11 |
Same |
Observed Self |
Me-Self. The detached, objective, outside Self. The Self from a prior Stage of development that we have transcended, or ceased to identify with |
11 |
Distal Self, self-system |
Overall Self |
The Immediate and Transcendent selves together |
11 |
|
Passages |
The four major sequences of human growth corresponding to the four Realms |
8 |
|
Persona |
Our ‘public face’ -- the set of attributes and behaviors we construct to allow the Self to play a part in the drama of existence |
12 |
Membership-Self, Rule/Role region |
Polarities |
The fundamental extremes of the universe – male and female, mind and body, spirit and flesh, symbol and meaning, yang and yin |
14 |
|
Processes |
All the techniques, therapies, practices, programs, activities, explorations, studies, and focused experiences that move us along the Growth Continuum |
5 |
|
Prophetic generation |
The Generation that conceives a new cultural vision and a new impetus for change. Phase 1 of the Generational Cycle. |
14 |
|
Psyche Passages |
The internal phases of mental Maturation that occur as we progress through the Stages of psychological Development |
9 |
Vertical transformation |
Reactive generation |
The Generation that reacts against or detaches from the dominance of the Prophetic Generation. Phase 2 of the Generational Cycle. |
14 |
|
Realms |
The major domains or spheres of human experience in which growth and development can occur |
8 |
Realms, planes, domains, spheres, and axes |
Re-identification |
The Self begins to identify with the subsequent Stage of development |
7 |
|
Role |
See Persona |
12 |
|
Self |
Individual Participant in the growth process. Encountered in three aspects: Experienced, Observed, and Transcendent Self. |
11 |
Same |
Spiral Dynamics |
The most popular and influential contemporary system of Culture Passages |
14 |
Same |
Spirit Passages |
The internal phases of spiritual Awakening that occur as we ascend through the Stages and States of spiritual Development |
9 |
Vertical transformation |
Stage Growth |
Occurs as we meet and master the challenges presented by a particular Stage |
6 |
|
Stages |
The levels of development, maturity, enlivenment, or enlightenment through which we pass as we grow |
6 |
Stages, levels, waves, spheres, nests, holistic patterns |
States |
The four levels of spiritual experience: Nature mysticism (psychic), deity mysticism (subtle), formless mysticism (causal), and non-dual mysticism |
9 |
Same |
Sub-personalities |
Benign or pernicious mini-identities that emerge in response to specific life situations |
13 |
Same |
Transcendent Self |
The Witness. The all-pervasive Seer or I-I-Self. Our Essence, True Self, or True Nature |
11 |
Witness, ultimate subject, pure consciousness, antecedent self, emptiness |
Transformation |
Times when we are becoming something we have never been before |
6 |
Same |
Transition Cycle |
The four-phase process through which Transition takes place |
6 |
Fulcrum, milestone, round |
Transitions |
The quantum leaps that take us from one Stage to the next |
6 |
|
Translation |
Times when we are becoming better at activities we already know how to do |
6 |
Same |
Vectors |
The four major Quadrants of reality along which human growth proceeds – combining the Individual and Collective Participants with the inner and outer Passages of growth |
14 |
Quadrants |
Witness |
See Transcendent Self |
11 |
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Appendix D:
CREDITS
Thanks is gratefully given for permission to publish the following images.
Title page. GrowthRoots. UKansas.edu.
Stage growth. DNA Flow, Genomenewsnetwork.org
Transition growth. Bay Bridge at Night, Thomashawk.com
Realm growth. Realms of Humanity, Arrowriver.ca
Arena growth. Coliseum by Moonlight, Hillmanwonders.com
Participant growth. Whitewater. Oxeyes.org.uk.
Vector and direction growth. Red Arrows in Formation, Bluelinecruises.co.uk
Therapeutic growth. Personalities, WebRing.com
Coordination growth. Gymnast, Photosport.com
Tables:
1. Stages of Human Development, W. H. Freeman.
2. DNA Spiral, www.berkeley.edu
3. Soul, SusanArt.org
4. Chakras in the Etheric Body, Shivayoga.net
5. A Journey Beyond – Passing Barnard’s Star, NewTox.com.
6. RealmKeepers, Photobucket.com
7. Gladiator, Dreamworks Studios
8. The Wedding 2, Ezthemes.com
9. Parthenon, Macalester College, Classics Department, Macalester.edu.
10. Laurel and Hardy, Way Out West, Hal Roach Studios.
11. Norman Rockwell, Freedom From Want, ArtArchive.com
Resources. Big Book, Sterin.com
Glossary. Mag Glass, Nyu.edu
HUGH AND KAYE MARTIN:
Biographical Information
HUGH MARTIN is listed in Who’s Who in the World. He has appeared on numerous talk shows, led seminars at many colleges and corporations, and spoken at numerous professional conferences and colloquia. Mr. Martin is president of the NASD-registered securities brokerage firm, Hugh Martin Securities, and of the SEC-registered investment advisory firm, Hugh Martin & Co. Hugh is also president and co-founder of the life planning and counseling firm, Whole Life Advisory.
AMALIA KAYE MARTIN (‘Kaye’) is a gifted natural medicine practitioner and an instructor in nutrition and natural medicine at Baumann College. Kaye is a dedicated homemaker, a devoted mother, perceptive life coach, certified natural foods chef, and dynamic community organizer.
HUGH AND KAYE. Hugh and Kaye are best qualified as integral theorists and practitioners because they have lead integral lives. Both have richly diverse backgrounds in a multitude of fields:
Ø Personal transformation: Esalen, group process, gestalt, Reichian, bioenergetics, Rolfing, yoga, various religious and spiritual traditions.
Ø Natural medicine and health: Homeopathy, chiropractic, acupuncture, organic nutrition, vibrational medicine. Terminal cancer survivor (Hugh). Expert practitioner in nutrition and natural medicine (Kaye)
Ø Artistic and creative expression: Nature photographer, documentary videographer, poet, painter/sculptor (Hugh). Batik artist, home decorator (Kaye).
Ø Education: Ghetto school teacher, college literature instructor, financial seminar leader, early-reading curriculum developer (Hugh). Nutrition/natural medicine instructor, home-school network developer and coordinator (Kaye).
Ø Societal change: Civil rights, environmental issues, sustainability/permaculture.
Ø Natural and cultural environments: Backpacking, mountain biking, exotic travel, home exchanging.
Ø Academics: Hugh -- Swarthmore College
(Bachelor’s), University of Pennsylvania (Master’s), Indiana University (doctoral),
UC Berkeley (credential), Coaches Training Institute (CTI), member of Mensa.
Kaye -- Cal State Northridge (Bachelor’s), Baumann College (natural medicine),
Coaches Training Institute (CTI).
Ø Marriage and family. Thirty years of happy, occasionally turbulent, marriage. Five highly-independent, multi-gifted kids with close family ties.
WHOLE LIFE ADVISORY. Using the experiences and expertise described above, Hugh and Kaye have developed a program of personal and professional growth called Whole Life Advisory. Whole Life Advisory empowers clients to achieve success and fulfillment in the 12 most important arenas of life: education, career, marriage, family, community, emotions, sexuality, finances, health, recreation, nature, and spirituality.
REFERENCES
[1] See Wilber (2000), pp, 197-217 and Arrays.
[2] See Erikson (1950).
[3] See Kegan (1982).
[4] See Piaget (1958).
[5] See Judith (1996) and Easley (1987).
[6] See Myss (1996).
[7] See Arrays, Table 4H2.
[8] See Maslow (1968, 1983).
[9] Just checking that you’re still paying attention!
[10] Role names and characteristics derived in large part from Riso/Hudson (1999).
[11] See Beck (1996).
[12] For further details, see Strauss and Howe (1991).
[13] Items within categories listed roughly in order of importance to this study. Other pertinent Resource categories shown in parentheses.