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Newsletter Nr. 1.343
Amsterdam, May 3, 2025


Wilber's Evolutionary Vision: More Spencerian than Darwinian - A Historical and Philosophical Analysis
Through the Lens of Peter Bowler - Frank Visser / ChatGPT

In Evolution: The History of an Idea, historian Peter Bowler outlines the development of evolutionary thought from the early modern period through Darwin and beyond. He emphasizes a crucial distinction between two strands of evolutionary thinking that emerged in the 19th century: the empirical naturalism of Charles Darwin and the metaphysical progressivism of Herbert Spencer. Darwinian evolution, grounded in natural selection, presents a non-directional, adaptive, and contingent process. Spencerian evolution, in contrast, is a cosmic, teleological ascent from simplicity to complexity, matter to mind, and ultimately spirit.

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