TABLE 1

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Integral World: Exploring Theories of Everything

An independent forum for a critical discussion of the integral philosophy of Ken Wilber

TABLE 1

INDIVIDUAL AND SOCIAL HOLONS AND THEIR INDIVIDUAL (AGENTIC) AND SOCIAL (COMMUNAL) ASPECTS. A COMPARISON OF DIFFERENT MODELS

	Wilber	Goddard	Smith
Individual Holon
individual exterior	Brain structures	Brain structures, agentic behavior	Organisms, behavior
individual interior	Consciousness	Sensory perceptions	Sensory perceptions
social exterior		Brain structures, communal behavior	Organisms, communal behavior
social interior		Private mind (thoughts)	Thoughts
Social Holon
individual exterior	Society	Rituals	Organisms, behavioral interactions (institutions, laws)
individual interior	Culture	Beliefs, myths	Intersubjective interactions (beliefs,values)
Social exterior		Complex institutions, laws	Behavioral objectivity
Social interior		Paradigm values	Interobjective consciousness

In the Goddard and Smith models, both individual and social holons have both individual and social aspects or dimensions. In the Wilber model, some of these are either missing or conflated with individual and social holons themselves.

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